Teacher Burnout: Causes, Effects and Solutions to a Growing Crisis

What happens when teachers tasked with inspiring the next generation lose their own motivation? With factors from long hours to poor pay taking their toll, teachers are burning out faster than schools can replace them. Teacher burnout is no longer an individual struggle—it’s a systemic issue undermining education nationwide, and it’s affecting educators at every level.

 A 2024 report from Pew Research highlights that many educators feel overburdened by unrealistic expectations, insufficient resources, and external pressures such as political debates over curriculum and lack of public trust.¹ The implications are significant for teachers, of course, and also for students and staff.

By understanding how teacher burnout develops, recognizing its effects, and using evidence-based solutions, schools and policymakers can take critical steps to extinguishing the problem.

What is Teacher Burnout?

Burnout is a psychological syndrome that arises from prolonged workplace stress, particularly in environments with high demands and insufficient support. In teachers, burnout can result in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization (developing a cynical or detached attitude toward students), and a diminished sense of accomplishment.²

Key indicators of teacher burnout include:

• Persistent fatigue or exhaustion.
• Emotional withdrawal from colleagues and students.
• Decreased passion or enthusiasm for teaching.
• Difficulty maintaining work-life balance.
• Physical symptoms like headaches, insomnia, or susceptibility to illness.

Burnout is more than occasional stress—it’s a chronic condition that erodes well-being and effectiveness, eventually pushing many teachers to leave the profession.

How Teacher Burnout Happens

Teacher burnout develops from a combination of systemic pressures and individual vulnerabilities. The teaching profession demands a high level of dedication, but this often comes with relentless stressors that overwhelm even the most committed educators.

The Heavy Workload: A Non-Stop Profession

One major contributor to burnout is the sheer workload teachers face. Teaching doesn’t end when the school day is over. Educators often spend evenings and weekends grading assignments, planning lessons, and completing administrative tasks. For many, the workweek stretches to 50–60 hours, leaving little room for recovery.³ These demands are exacerbated by limited resources, with teachers often purchasing classroom supplies out of their own pockets or spending extra hours developing materials to compensate for gaps in funding.

The Pressure of Unrealistic Expectations

Unrealistic expectations further fuel burnout. The emphasis on standardized test scores as a measure of success creates a pressure-cooker environment. Teachers are often accountable for student outcomes without consideration of external factors like socioeconomic status, language barriers, or disabilities that affect learning. This narrow focus reduces teaching to a numbers game, eroding teachers’ autonomy and creativity in the classroom. The sense of being judged solely on test results leaves many educators feeling powerless and undervalued.

Classroom Challenges & Diverse Student Needs

Classroom challenges also play a significant role. Schools task teachers with managing increasingly diverse student populations, including children with special needs, language learners, and those dealing with trauma or instability at home. Large class sizes and insufficient support staff make it harder to provide the individualized attention students need. Behavioral issues, such as disruptions and defiance, add another layer of stress, especially when schools lack effective disciplinary frameworks or counseling services. Over time, these daily struggles accumulate, leaving teachers emotionally drained and questioning their efficacy.

The Role of Leadership in Teacher Burnout

A lack of support from school leadership amplifies these stressors. In many schools, administrators are stretched thin and unable to offer the guidance or resources teachers need. This lack of support can leave educators feeling isolated and overwhelmed. Teachers without mentors or collaborative teams often bear the full weight of their challenges alone, with no outlet for sharing burdens or finding solutions. In schools with weak leadership, teachers may also experience micromanagement, unclear expectations, or inequitable workloads, further undermining their morale.⁴

The Invisible Burden of Emotional Labor

Another significant but less visible factor is the emotional labor involved in teaching. Teachers are not only responsible for academic instruction but also for the social and emotional development of their students. They act as role models, counselors, and mediators, often absorbing their students’ stress and trauma. Over time, this emotional labor takes a toll, especially in schools serving high-needs communities. Teachers may develop compassion fatigue—a state of exhaustion caused by caring for others—which can lead to detachment and a loss of empathy.

Personal Pressures

Finally, personal factors contribute to burnout risk. Some teachers enter the profession with an idealistic vision of changing lives and making a difference, but the harsh realities of the job can lead to disillusionment. Personality traits like perfectionism or an inability to say no can exacerbate stress, as these teachers may take on additional responsibilities or set unattainable standards for themselves. External pressures, such as financial difficulties or family responsibilities, further strain their ability to cope. For example, many teachers must work second jobs to make ends meet, adding to their already overwhelming workload.

Teacher burnout is rarely caused by one factor alone. Instead, it arises from the intersection of systemic issues, daily challenges, and personal vulnerabilities. Addressing these underlying causes requires a comprehensive approach that targets both the environment teachers work in and the tools they have to navigate it.

Effects of Teacher Burnout

Teacher burnout doesn’t just harm individual educators—it has widespread consequences that ripple through the entire educational system. Its effects are deeply felt by teachers, students, and school communities, ultimately compromising the quality of education and the well-being of all involved.

Effects on Teachers 

For teachers, burnout manifests as chronic physical and emotional exhaustion, leading to serious health implications. Mentally, burnout is associated with increased rates of anxiety and depression. Many teachers report feeling overwhelmed, inadequate, or disconnected from the passion that initially drew them to the profession. Physically, the stress of burnout can lead to fatigue, insomnia, weakened immune systems, and long-term conditions such as hypertension or heart disease.

Burnout also takes a toll on professional performance. Teachers experiencing it may struggle to stay motivated or organized, leading to less effective lesson planning and reduced classroom engagement. In severe cases, burnout causes absenteeism, as educators take sick days to recover—or worse, leave the profession entirely. Teacher attrition is particularly high in the early years, with up to 50% of new teachers leaving within their first five years.⁵ This constant turnover creates a revolving door effect, where schools lose experienced teachers, and the financial and logistical burden of recruitment and training grows.

Effects on Students 

Burnout significantly impacts students, as the quality of teaching diminishes when educators are stretched too thin. Exhausted teachers may struggle to create engaging lessons or provide individualized support, leading to a less stimulating learning environment. Research has shown that teacher stress is linked to lower student achievement, particularly in schools serving disadvantaged populations.⁶ When teachers lack the energy to innovate or adapt to diverse learning needs, students are less likely to thrive academically or emotionally.

The effects of burnout extend beyond academics. Students often mirror the emotional states of their teachers, picking up on stress, frustration, or detachment. A burned-out teacher may become more irritable or less patient, which can lead to increased disciplinary issues and a breakdown in teacher-student relationships. Over time, students in such environments may feel less supported or less valued, which can harm their motivation, self-esteem, and overall school experience.

Effects on Colleagues and School Climate 

Teacher burnout doesn’t exist in isolation—it has a profound impact on school culture and staff dynamics. Burned-out teachers often feel isolated or disengaged, which can disrupt collaboration and teamwork among colleagues. Negativity and frustration may spread, creating a toxic work environment where morale declines across the board. Teachers who remain engaged may feel burdened by the extra responsibilities of covering for absent or disengaged colleagues, further exacerbating their stress and resentment.

The overall school climate also suffers when burnout is widespread. Staff turnover creates instability, as new hires require time to adapt and build relationships with students and colleagues. In schools with high burnout rates, administrators may struggle to maintain consistency and cohesion in instructional quality, which can erode trust among staff and reduce the sense of community that is essential for a thriving workplace.

Effects on the Education System 

On a broader level, teacher burnout undermines the sustainability of the education system itself. High attrition rates create a perpetual demand for new teachers, straining budgets and resources. Schools in underserved areas are disproportionately affected, as they often face the greatest staffing challenges and the highest levels of burnout. This perpetuates a cycle of inequity, where students in high-needs schools receive less consistent and lower-quality education, widening achievement gaps over time.⁷

Moreover, burnout contributes to a negative public perception of the teaching profession. When educators leave due to stress and dissatisfaction, it discourages prospective teachers from entering the field. As fewer people choose teaching as a career, the shortage of qualified educators grows, placing even more pressure on those who remain. Without intervention, this cycle threatens the long-term viability of public education.

The ripple effects of teacher burnout extend beyond K-12 education. The far-reaching consequences affect the entire educational pipeline, including higher education. With fewer students receiving consistent, high-quality instruction due to teacher shortages, the foundation for college readiness weakens.

Teacher burnout is not just an individual issue—it is a systemic problem with far-reaching consequences. Addressing its effects requires schools, administrators, and policymakers to prioritize teacher well-being, ensuring that educators can continue to support students and foster a positive learning environment.

Solutions to Teacher Burnout

Addressing teacher burnout requires both individual strategies and systemic reforms. Solutions should aim to alleviate the pressures educators face, foster supportive environments, and promote personal resilience.

1. Fostering Work-Life Balance 

One of the most effective ways to combat burnout is by ensuring teachers have time to rest and recharge. Many teachers work far beyond the contracted hours, often sacrificing personal time to meet the demands of their roles. Schools can help by reevaluating workloads, setting realistic expectations for grading and lesson preparation, and streamlining administrative tasks to minimize unnecessary burdens. Protecting teachers’ personal time is essential, which might involve establishing clear boundaries, such as limiting work-related emails outside of school hours. Additionally, schools can provide professional development opportunities focused on time management and prioritization, helping teachers balance their professional responsibilities without compromising their personal lives. When teachers feel their time is respected, they are more likely to maintain a healthy balance between work and home.⁸

2. Providing Emotional and Professional Support 

Strong leadership is vital in preventing teacher burnout. Administrators should take an active role in supporting their staff by fostering a culture of open communication and emotional well-being. Regular check-ins with teachers can help identify stressors early, allowing for timely interventions. Schools can also implement mentorship programs, where experienced educators guide newer teachers through the challenges of the profession. This not only builds confidence but also reduces the sense of isolation many teachers experience. Additionally, promoting teamwork and collaboration among staff helps create a supportive network. Teachers who feel emotionally and professionally supported are more resilient to stress and better equipped to handle the demands of their work.⁹

3. Improving Teacher Training

Comprehensive training is crucial for equipping teachers with the skills they need to manage challenges effectively. Pre-service programs should emphasize classroom management strategies that empower teachers to handle behavioral issues with confidence. Training on differentiated instruction—tailoring teaching methods to meet diverse student needs—can also reduce stress by improving classroom dynamics. For in-service teachers, ongoing professional development should focus on areas like student engagement, trauma-informed teaching, and technology integration. These skills not only enhance teaching effectiveness but also give educators a greater sense of control and competence. Schools should ensure that professional development opportunities are relevant, accessible, and aligned with teachers’ specific needs.

4. Increasing Resources and Support Staff 

Burnout often stems from teachers being asked to do too much with too little. Providing adequate resources—such as up-to-date textbooks, classroom supplies, and technology—can significantly ease the burden on educators. Hiring additional staff, including counselors, special education aides, and paraprofessionals, can also make a big difference.¹⁰ For example, classroom aides can help manage large class sizes, allowing teachers to focus on delivering high-quality instruction. Schools should also ensure that teachers have access to resources for their own well-being, such as mental health services or stress management workshops. By addressing resource gaps, schools create an environment where teachers can focus on their primary role: educating students.

5. Recognizing and Valuing Teachers 

Teachers who feel appreciated and valued are less likely to experience burnout. Recognition can come in many forms, from public acknowledgment of achievements to more tangible rewards like bonuses or pay raises. Policymakers should prioritize increasing teacher salaries and benefits to reflect the vital role educators play in society. Schools can also create a culture of appreciation by celebrating milestones, highlighting successes in staff meetings, or providing opportunities for career advancement. When teachers feel their efforts are noticed and respected, they are more motivated to stay in the profession and continue making a difference.

6. Implementing Systemic Changes 

Addressing burnout requires looking beyond individual schools to the broader policies that shape the education system. Policymakers must reduce the overemphasis on standardized testing, which places undue pressure on teachers and narrows the scope of education. Instead, more holistic approaches to assessing student progress should be adopted. Investments in reducing class sizes and improving teacher-student ratios are also critical, as these changes can alleviate many of the day-to-day stressors teachers face. Policymakers should also advocate for more funding to support schools in high-needs areas, ensuring that every teacher has access to the resources and support they require.¹¹ Addressing teacher burnout requires broader systemic reforms that extend beyond individual schools. (For a comprehensive look at how systemic changes can reshape education, read our deep dive into education reform.) Systemic change is essential for creating sustainable conditions that allow teachers to thrive.

7. Encouraging Self-Care Practices

While systemic reforms are crucial, individual teachers can also take steps to protect their well-being. Self-care practices such as mindfulness, yoga, or regular physical exercise can help manage stress and improve mental health. Setting boundaries is equally important; teachers should feel empowered to say no to excessive demands that exceed their capacity. Access to professional counseling or peer support groups can provide teachers with an outlet to process their emotions and build resilience. Schools can play a role by normalizing the discussion of mental health and offering resources or workshops on stress management. When teachers prioritize their well-being, they are better equipped to meet the demands of their profession.¹²

Teacher burnout is a complex issue that requires comprehensive solutions at both the individual and systemic levels. By addressing the root causes and providing the necessary support, schools and policymakers can create environments where teachers feel valued, supported, and capable of fulfilling their vital role in society.

Conclusion

Teacher burnout is a complex issue rooted in systemic challenges and personal pressures. Its consequences ripple through schools, affecting educators, students, and broader educational outcomes. Addressing burnout requires a multifaceted approach—one that includes workplace reform, leadership support, and personal resilience. By prioritizing teacher well-being, schools can create environments where educators thrive, students succeed, and the promise of education flourishes.

Founded by a former teacher, ERA deeply understands and respects the needs and challenges of educators and the critical role they play in shaping the future. That’s why we’re dedicated to supporting teachers by creating resources that lighten their workload and empower them to focus on what truly matters—their students.

Our team is working on a comprehensive curriculum designed to prepare students for life beyond high school, equipping them with the skills they need for success. Alongside this, we’re committed to providing ready-to-use lesson plans and other valuable tools to reduce the strain on educators. Together, we can ensure that teachers have the support they need to thrive, so they can continue inspiring and guiding the next generation toward a brighter future. Contact us to learn more!

References

1. Pew Research Center. (2024, April 4). What’s it like to be a teacher in America today? Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2024/04/04/whats-it-like-to-be-a-teacher-in-america-today/ ↩︎
2. Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry, 15(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20311 ↩︎
3. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2019). Education at a Glance 2019: OECD Indicators. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/f8d7880d-en ↩︎
4. Herman, K. C., Prewett, S. L., Eddy, C. L., Savala, A., & Reinke, W. M. (2020). Teacher stress and burnout: The role of school environment and working conditions. Educational Researcher, 49(3), 176–187. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022440520300017?via%3Dihub ↩︎
5. Ingersoll, R. M., Merrill, L., Stuckey, D., & Collins, G. (2018). Teacher turnover and teacher shortages: An organizational analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 55(3), 467–507. https://www.gse.upenn.edu/pdf/rmi/TeacherTurnoverTeacherShortages-RMI-Fall-2001.pdf ↩︎
6. McLean, L., & Connor, C. M. (2015). Teacher stress, burnout, and attitudes toward students: Implications for student learning. Learning and Instruction, 36, 22–30. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/612c0df1305c40738af332db/t/612d5b9451ec8817cc67a027/1630362516797/McLean+%26+Connor+2015.pdf ↩︎
7. American University. (2024, April 15). Addressing teacher burnout: Causes, symptoms, and strategies: American University. School of Education Online. https://soeonline.american.edu/blog/teacher-burnout/ ↩︎
8. Myers, V., & AFT communications staff. (2023, September 12). Tackling teacher Burnout with real solutions. American Federation of Teachers. https://www.aft.org/news/tackling-teacher-burnout-real-solutions ↩︎
9. Myers, V., & AFT communications staff. (2023, September 12). Tackling teacher Burnout with real solutions. American Federation of Teachers. https://www.aft.org/news/tackling-teacher-burnout-real-solutions ↩︎
10. Education Support. (n.d.). Teacher Burnout and how to avoid it. https://www.educationsupport.org.uk/resources/for-individuals/articles/teacher-burnout-and-how-to-avoid-it/ ↩︎
11. American University. (2024, April 15). Addressing teacher burnout: Causes, symptoms, and strategies: American University. School of Education Online. https://soeonline.american.edu/blog/teacher-burnout/ ↩︎
12. University of San Diego – Professional & Continuing Education, U. of S. D. (2024, June 4). 15 ways to prevent teacher Burnout [+ faqs]. https://pce.sandiego.edu/15-ways-to-prevent-teacher-burnout-faqs/ ↩︎